The Republic of Armenia, a state in western Asia and Transcaucasia. Prior to 1991, was part of the Soviet Union in 1992 - an independent republic. The area of ​​29.8 thousand square meters. km. Access to the sea has not. Bordered on the north by Georgia, west and south-west - with Turkey in the south - with Iran in the south-east - the Republic of Nakhichevan, which is part of Azerbaijan, on the east - the main territory of Azerbaijan. The total length of 1254 km boundary.

Nature

Armenia - a mountainous country (about 90% of its area is located at an altitude of 1,000 m above sea level). It is located within the north-eastern part of the Armenian Plateau and the north and east is bordered by mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus. In the central part of the country's direction stretched sublatitudinally band of volcanic mountains, poorly presented and dissected medium-high lava plateau and thyroid arrays. In this zone there are many cones of extinct volcanoes.

To the thyroid arrays confined highest mountain peaks - Aragats (4090 m), Ajdahak (3597 m) and Vardenis (3522 m). In the north and east of the country, with rich deposits of copper ore (Alaverdi, Kapan), south-east of molybdenum (Dastakertskoe field) in the central and south-eastern districts - of iron ore (Hrazdan, Abovyan Svarantsskoe and deposits), in the north Ahtalskoe on southeast Kafan deposit of polymetallic ores.

In addition, there are recoverable reserves of nepheline syenite of aluminum and barium doped with gold and silver deposits of lead, zinc, manganese, gold, platinum, antimony, mercury and arsenic. There are rare earth metals are bismuth, gallium, indium, selenium, thallium, tellurium, rhenium. Tuffs (orange, yellow, pink, black), marble, travertine, limestone, which are composed of mountains of Armenia, are excellent construction and finishing materials. Among the semi-precious stones stand agate, jasper, amethyst, beryl, ruby, obsidian, onyx, turquoise. Known app. 7500 and 1300 sources of fresh mineral water, many of which are used for spa (Jermuk, Arzni, Dilijan Bjni, Ankavan, Sevan, etc.). Climate.

Climatic features of the country determines its mountainous terrain. Clearly articulated vertical climatic zones. Rainfall during the year falls very unevenly. Maximum rainfall in spring and early summer. Ararat Plain (which lies within Yerevan) and in the basin. Arp's climate is dry continental with hot summers (average July temperature is 26 ° C, maximum 42 ° C) and cold winters (average January temperature of -4 ° C) and low rainfall (350 mm per year). In the low hills bordering the north and east to the Ararat plain, the climate is moderately dry with warm summers (average July temperature of 20 ° C) and cold winters (average January temperature of -7 ° C) and abundant rainfall (up to 640 mm per year).

Armenia is called Solar country, and indeed, the sun shines here 250 days a year. The climate ranges from dry subtropical to cold mountain. On the plateau and in the foothills of the climate is dry and continental with hot summers and moderately cold winters. The average temperature in July +75- +80 degrees Fahrenheit and 25 in January. The best season in Armenia - a dry, sunny and a long fall from the rich harvest of grapes, fruits and vegetables. Numerous rivers in Armenia rough and inconvenient for shipping, since they are enclosed in a deep mountain gorges. There are more than 100 mountain lakes. Lake Sevan - one of the largest lakes in the world at 6000.

Armenia - an ancient country whose history began about 7000 years ago. Armenians belong to the Indo-European type, whose origin is not known. Experts believe that the Armenians migrated to the Armenian Plateau in the Balkans or the Caucasus. Ever since the Paleolithic era are preserved ancient monuments left by ancient tribes (16 thousand years ago BC). In addition, there are 4.500 landmarks Early Middle Ages.